Developing higher level of spatial visualization and optimal graphic expression by characteristic views and spatial representations as a foundation for 3D analysis out of each 2D representation.

Ability to interpret spatial properties of complex geometric forms out of their 2D representations and the ability of optimal presentation of examined 3D forms in characterictic views and oblique and axonometric views; mastering their geometric structures; the design of similar 3D geometric forms.

GEOMETRIC STRUCTURES AND VISUALIZATION OF COMPLEX 3D FORMS. Spatial and plane curves as directices or generatrices in surfaces' generation. Characteristic views and direct detection of the geometric structure of the surface. Developable and nondevelopable surface; ruled (quadrics, conoids, cylindroids etc..), Helical, convolute; arches, vaults and domes, roofs. Axonometric views. SHADING AND VISUAL REALISM. Basic principles of shading. Illumination dividing line. Detection of characteristic elements of shadows in orthogonal and oblique views and axonometric images for parallel and central illumination rays. VISUALIZATION OF OBJECTS IN THE HORIZONTAL PROJECTION. Real terrain, topographic surface, surfaces of constant slope. Objects with accompanying fills and cuts. Cross-sections/profiles in vertical projecting surfaces. Analysis of objects' protection from water flows.

Lectures. Graphic-auditory Practice. Tutorials.